3-FPO (Solyra): Scientific Guide to the Research Chemical 2026

TL;DR — 3-FPO at a Glance

3-FPO (amama brand: Solyra) is a synthetic research chemical from the phenethylamine class, available exclusively for preclinical, analytical and forensic purposes. The following key points summarise the current state of knowledge:

• Chemical classification: Phenethylamine derivative with a hypothetically empathogenic activity profile; structural relationship to MDMA and 3-MMC, differentiated by fluorine substitution on the aromatic ring.
• Pharmacology (preclinical): Research data suggest that 3-FPO could interact as a monoamine-releasing substance or transporter inhibitor at DAT, SERT and/or NET — however, direct peer-reviewed studies on 3-FPO are considerably limited at the time of this publication.
• Legal status Germany (as of May 2026): Not listed by name in the BtMG; NpSG substance-group assessment remains a legal grey area; AMG aspects are relevant in the context of consumer-oriented marketing.
• Research depth: Considerably lower than for MDMA or 3-MMC; no meaningful human or clinical data are available.
• Risk profile: Due to insufficient toxicology data, the safety profile of 3-FPO is not characterised; risks cannot be estimated.
• amama position: Solyra (3-FPO) is offered exclusively as an analytical reference material for qualified research, analysis and forensic purposes. No sale for human consumption.
• "Rita alternative" framing: A term circulating in online communities — explicitly classified by amama as misleading and not used as a purchase argument.

1. What is 3-FPO?

1.1 Chemical Identity and Nomenclature

3-FPO is the shorthand designation commonly used in the research chemical community for a compound from the class of substituted phenethylamines. The full IUPAC name as well as an unambiguous CAS number are not consistently established in the publicly accessible peer-reviewed literature at the time of this publication — a circumstance that is not unusual in RC research and that makes the analytical characterisation of this substance a legitimate research subject. Purchasers and researchers should work exclusively with analytically verified batches and should not rely on nomenclature from uncontrolled online sources.

The structural assignment is based on the naming convention pattern: 3-F denotes a fluorine substitution at the 3-position of the aromatic ring (meta-position), PO denotes the phenethylamine core with a specific side-chain modification. This type of fluorine substitution is a well-established tool in phenethylamine-class research for investigating structure–activity relationships (SAR).

Note on database searching: Since no confirmed CAS number for 3-FPO is available, we recommend that researchers refer to PubChem entries for structurally related substances such as 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC, PubChem CID: 44350345) or MDMA (PubChem CID: 1615) as a starting point for comparative structural analyses. Direct equivalence is not scientifically permissible.

1.2 Molecular Formula and Structural Class

3-FPO belongs to the phenethylamine class, one of the pharmacologically most significant organic substance families, which includes, alongside endogenous neurotransmitters (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin), a wide range of synthetic compounds with potential activity at monoamine transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors. The molecular formula cannot be stated with certainty here due to the absence of an unambiguous CAS verification — researchers are referred to the specific analytical documentation for the respective batch.

1.3 Structural Classification: Fluorine Substitution as a Research Feature

The defining structural feature of 3-FPO relative to non-fluorinated analogues is the fluorine substitution at the meta-position of the phenyl ring. This modification is pharmacologically relevant for several reasons:

• Electronic effects: Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table. Substitution on the aromatic ring alters the electron density of the ring, which is hypothesised to influence affinity for receptor binding sites.
• Metabolic stability: Fluorine-substituted aromatics frequently exhibit an altered rate of metabolic breakdown in preclinical models compared with non-fluorinated analogues, since the C–F bond is more resistant to oxidative cleavage than C–H.
• Lipophilicity: Fluorine substitution can modulate lipophilicity and thereby hypothetically blood–brain barrier penetration relative to the unfluorinated analogue.

These properties make fluorinated phenethylamine derivatives a legitimate subject of research in fundamental pharmacology — however, altered pharmacological properties also imply an altered and difficult-to-predict risk profile compared with better-characterised substances.

2. Pharmacology: What Does Preclinical Research Say?

2.1 State of Data on 3-FPO: A Critical Overview

Direct note: At the time this article was written (May 2026), no peer-reviewed primary pharmacological studies on 3-FPO as a specific compound are retrievable in the established scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science). This is a fundamental difference from better-researched substances such as MDMA or 3-MMC and must be explicitly taken into account in any scientific assessment.

The pharmacological classification presented below is therefore based exclusively on structural-analogy inferences from the research literature on related compounds. Such analogical inferences are a legitimate tool in preclinical research for hypothesis formation — they do not, however, replace experimental data and must not be interpreted as established statements about 3-FPO itself.

2.2 Hypothetical Receptor Affinity Based on Structural Analogy

Research data on structurally related substituted phenethylamines suggest that compounds of this type could typically interact as substrates or inhibitors at monoamine transporters (DAT — dopamine transporter, SERT — serotonin transporter, NET — noradrenaline transporter). For 3-FPO, the following is hypothesised on the basis of structural analogy to 3-MMC:

• DAT (dopamine transporter): Structurally analogous compounds from the cathinone and phenethylamine class frequently show DAT affinity in in vitro models; no direct data are available for 3-FPO.
• SERT (serotonin transporter): Empathogenic phenethylamine derivatives often show pronounced SERT activity in preclinical studies; the extent to which 3-FPO follows this pattern is not scientifically established.
• NET (noradrenaline transporter): Noradrenergic activity is also hypothesised for this substance class but is not specifically documented for 3-FPO.
• 5-HT2A receptor: Direct serotonergic receptor activity (as seen with classical psychedelics) is not primarily expected for this substance class, but cannot be excluded for specific derivatives.

Critical limitation: Even minimal structural modifications — such as the meta-fluorination present here — can dramatically shift the selectivity profile, affinity constants (Ki values) and the functional character (substrate vs. inhibitor) of a compound. Research data on fluorine-substituted phenethylamine analogues illustrate that even the positional isomerism of the fluorine group (ortho vs. meta vs. para) can lead to different pharmacological profiles.

2.3 In Vitro and Animal-Model Data: Related Substances as a Reference Framework

Since no direct 3-FPO data are available, research data on related substances are cited here by way of example — expressly without any claim of transferability to 3-FPO:

• 3-MMC (3-methylmethcathinone): In vitro studies (including Luethi et al., 2019) document pronounced DAT and NET activity with more moderate SERT activity, implying a profile that is more stimulant than serotonergic.
• MDMA: Extensive in vitro and animal-model data (including Frau et al., 2013) show preferential SERT activity over DAT, which contributes to the classic empathogenic profile.
• Fluorinated amphetamine derivatives generally: Research data indicate that fluorine substitution can extend metabolic half-lives and alter potency at individual transporters (Simmler et al., 2013 — for related classes).

2.4 Pharmacokinetics

Direct pharmacokinetic data (half-life, bioavailability, metabolic pathways) for 3-FPO are not available in the literature. On the basis of the structural class, hepatic metabolism via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 is hypothesised for related phenethylamines — a metabolic pathway that can lead to considerably altered substance exposure in CYP2D6 poor metabolisers (approximately 7–10% of the European population). This is a further factor underscoring the uncharacterised safety profile of this compound.

3. 3-FPO Compared with MDMA and 3-MMC

The following table summarises known and hypothetical differences. All statements about 3-FPO that are not marked as "not known" are based on structural-analogy inferences and do not constitute verified facts.

Critical note: Structural similarity does not imply identity of effect. The research literature on substituted phenethylamines and cathinones consistently shows that minimal structural modifications can lead to significantly divergent pharmacological profiles, toxicities and durations of action. A direct inference from MDMA or 3-MMC properties to 3-FPO is not scientifically justified.

4. Effects Reported in Online Forums (Erowid, Reddit, Bluelight) — Classification and Distancing

4.1 Methodological Classification of Forum Reports

In online communities such as r/researchchemicals, r/DesignerDrugs (Reddit), Bluelight.org and the Erowid Experience Vault, reports circulate from individuals who claim to have personally consumed 3-FPO. amama explicitly points out:

• Anecdotal reports do not replace controlled research. Information from forums does not meet the minimum requirements for scientific evidence (no control groups, no blinding, no verified substance identities, no standardised observation instruments).
• Substance identity often unverified: In the RC scene it is well-known that substances are misidentified, mislabelled or contaminated with other compounds. Forum reports may in fact refer to a different compound.
• Survivorship bias: Online forums overrepresent subjectively positive experiences; negative outcomes, medical emergencies and long-term consequences are systematically underreported.

4.2 Summary of Circulating Descriptions (Distanced)

In the communities mentioned — to amama's knowledge, without verification and with explicit reservation — descriptions are shared that attribute to 3-FPO an MDMA- or 3-MMC-like subjective profile: empathogenic and euphoric qualities are mentioned. These reports also cite side effects known for the substance class: tachycardia, hyperthermia, jaw tension, sleep disturbances and discomfort during the after-phase.

amama position: These reports establish that 3-FPO is not pharmacologically inert and can carry considerable health risks in the event of unauthorised consumption. They do not, however, provide a reliable scientific basis for any assessment of safety, efficacy or appropriate conditions of use.

4.3 Bluelight Consensus and Harm-Reduction Community

The harm-reduction community on Bluelight.org and similar platforms discusses new psychoactive substances such as 3-FPO generally with the warning that unknown substances by definition carry an uncontrollable risk profile. This consensus aligns with the scientific assessment by EMCDDA and BfArM: substances without a sufficient research foundation must be considered inherently risky from a health perspective.

5. Legal Status in Germany and the EU (as of May 2026)

Legal disclaimer: This section serves general legal information purposes and does not constitute legal advice. For specific legal questions, please consult a lawyer specialising in narcotics and pharmaceutical law.

5.1 Narcotics Act (BtMG)

The Narcotics Act (BtMG) lists in its Annexes I–III specifically named individual substances subject to the narcotics regime. 3-FPO is not listed by name in these annexes as of May 2026. The BtMG is, however, not a static document — named inclusion of new substances occurs by statutory order of the Federal Ministry of Health and can enter into force at short notice.

5.2 New Psychoactive Substances Act (NpSG)

The NpSG (in force since 2016) follows a group-based approach, capturing substance classes through structural definitions without needing to name individual compounds. Of particular relevance for 3-FPO:

• Annex 1 of the NpSG contains substance-group definitions for various classes of synthetic compounds.
• Whether 3-FPO falls under one of the defined NpSG substance groups depends on the structural interpretation in the individual case and cannot be conclusively assessed without judicial or regulatory clarification. Phenethylamine derivatives may fall within the scope of the NpSG depending on the exact substitution and comparator structure.
• Practical consequence: The NpSG creates considerable legal uncertainty regarding dealings with new substances of this class, even where no named listing exists.

5.3 Medicinal Products Act (AMG)

The AMG is a frequently underestimated legal aspect in the RC sector. A substance may be classified as a functional medicinal product (§ 2 para. 1 no. 2 AMG) if it is intended or can be applied in humans to influence physiological functions. The presentation is also decisive (presentation medicinal product):

• If 3-FPO is advertised with claims of effects in humans or marketed as a consumer substance, it cannot be lawfully placed on the market without regulatory approval — irrespective of the BtMG and NpSG.
• amama distributes Solyra (3-FPO) explicitly without claims of effects in humans and with clear labelling as a research chemical, in order to minimise this AMG risk.

5.4 EU Level and EMCDDA

At EU level, the EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, since 2023 EUDA) monitors new psychoactive substances via the Early Warning System (EWS). Fluorine-substituted phenethylamine derivatives are under monitoring as a substance class. Individual EU member states have enacted their own national regulations that may cover 3-FPO or related substance classes — import and export between EU countries therefore carries country-specific legal risks.

5.5 Summary of the Legal Situation

Conclusion: 3-FPO is in a legal grey area in Germany. Sale as analytical reference material for research purposes without consumer-oriented advertising is formally possible (as of May 2026), but does not confer a right to freedom from prosecution in the event of a divergent regulatory or judicial interpretation.

6. Why is 3-FPO Marketed as a "Rita Alternative"? — A Critical Assessment

6.1 Background of the Term

"Rita" is a common colloquial term for MDMA in the German-speaking drug scene. The term "Rita alternative" or "Rita substitute" is used by certain vendors in the RC market to market new psychoactive substances by reference to the well-known activity profile of MDMA. 3-FPO is one of the substances to which this label has been applied in online communities and on some marketplaces.

The keyword "3-FPO Rita alternative" records search volume because consumers are actively searching for MDMA-like legal substances — a market phenomenon that has been increasingly observed since the EU-wide ban on 3-MMC.

6.2 Why This Framing Is Scientifically and Legally Problematic

amama uses the term "Rita alternative" exclusively for educational purposes regarding designations circulating in the community and rejects it as a product promise for the following reasons:

1. Scientific misleading: The label "Rita alternative" suggests a known activity and safety profile analogous to MDMA. However, 3-FPO is insufficiently characterised pharmacologically. Identity or equivalence of effect is not established and cannot simply be assumed given the structural differences.
2. Safety fallacy: Users who assume an MDMA-like profile might calibrate their behaviour to MDMA experience values — an approach that carries considerable risks with a pharmacologically unverified substance of unknown dose range and unknown toxicology.
3. Legal risk for vendors: Marketing as an "MDMA substitute" or "Rita alternative" can constitute AMG-relevant claims of effect and increase the risk of criminal classification as illegal medicinal product trafficking or under § 263 StGB (fraud through false substance information).
4. Misdirected incentive for research: The framing strategy shifts the discourse away from legitimate research interest towards consumer-oriented use — which is detrimental to the goal of a serious RC research infrastructure.

amama position: Solyra (3-FPO) is a research chemical for analytical purposes. amama explicitly does not recommend 3-FPO as a substitute for MDMA, 3-MMC or any other substance for human consumption.

7. Known and Unknown Risks

7.1 Structural-Analogy Risk Indicators (No Direct 3-FPO Data)

On the basis of structural analogy to known phenethylamine derivatives and empathogens, the following risks are discussed for this substance class in preclinical and forensic-toxicological reports — without these being specifically established for 3-FPO:

• Hyperthermia: Empathogenic and stimulant substances of this class are associated in animal models and case reports with dangerous elevations in body temperature, particularly during physical activity and at high ambient temperatures.
• Serotonin syndrome: With substances exhibiting serotonergic activity, there is a risk of serotonin syndrome, particularly in combination with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAO inhibitors or other serotonergic compounds. This is classified as a critical interaction risk for the entire substance class.
• Cardiovascular strain: Tachycardia, elevated blood pressure and, in rare cases, arrhythmias are described for related substance classes.
• Psychotic episodes: Particularly at higher doses and in predisposed individuals, forensic-toxicological case collections report acutely psychotic states under phenethylamine derivatives.

7.2 Particularly Unknown Risks with 3-FPO

• Dose–response relationship: No established dose–response curve exists for 3-FPO. The therapeutic index (margin between pharmacologically active and toxic dose) is completely unknown.
• Long-term toxicology: Neurotoxicity (e.g. serotonergic axonal degeneration, as described for MDMA in animal models), hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity have not been investigated for 3-FPO.
• Drug interactions: Interaction potential with prescription medications, OTC preparations and other substances has not been investigated.
• CYP polymorphisms: Metabolic variability due to CYP2D6 polymorphisms (poor/intermediate/ultra-rapid metabolisers) can result in dramatically different inter-individual substance exposure — a risk that cannot be calculated for uncharacterised substances.
• Impurities: Products from non-certified sources carry the risk of synthesis by-products and incorrect substance identity.

⚠️ amama explicitly points out: The absence of safety data is not a sign of safety. The opposite is true: absent toxicology data mean that risks are simply unknown and therefore cannot be estimated.

8. Quality and Analytical Standards at amama (Solyra)

As a Berlin-based smartshop with a scientific approach, amama pursues a documentation-supported quality approach for its research chemical range:

• Batch identification: Each batch of Solyra (3-FPO) is labelled with a batch number enabling traceability.
• Analytical verification: amama aims for analytical verification of Solyra by HPLC-MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography — mass spectrometry) or comparable methods in order to document substance identity and purity. Batch-specific certificates of analysis (CoA) are made available to researchers on request.
• Formulation: Solyra is available as a liquid formulation (20 mg/ml), enabling precise gravimetric and volumetric measurement for analytical purposes.
• Access: Sale exclusively to adult purchasers in Germany. Upon purchase, buyers declare that they will use the material exclusively for research, analytical or forensic purposes.
• Storage: Research chemicals of this class should be stored in accordance with the conditions stated on the product label (typically cool, dry, protected from light, in the sealed original container, out of reach of children and unauthorised persons).

Product page: amama.space/products/solyra-3fpo

9. Reference Literature

The following sources form the scientific and legal background of this article. Where no direct literature on 3-FPO exists, sources on structurally related compounds or relevant substance classes are cited — this is indicated in each case.

1. Luethi, D. & Liechti, M.E. (2020). "Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects of synthetic cathinones." Archives of Toxicology, 94(4), 1085–1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02693-7 (On synthetic cathinones incl. 3-MMC; structural analogues)
2. Simmler, L.D., Buser, T.A., Donzelli, M., et al. (2013). "Pharmacological characterization of designer cathinones in vitro." British Journal of Pharmacology, 168(2), 458–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02145.x (Monoamine transporter profiles of related substances)
3. Frau, L., Simola, N., Morelli, M. (2013). "Contribution of caffeine to the psychostimulant profile of designer drugs: Focus on substituted cathinones." Pharmacological Research, 66(1), 1–12. https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/synthetic-cathinones_en (Stimulant profile of related phenethylamines)
4. EMCDDA (2023). "New psychoactive substances: Global overview and European perspectives." European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon. https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/synthetic-cathinones_en (NPS class overview, EWS)
5. BfArM (2022). "Neue psychoaktive Stoffe – Informationen zum NpSG." Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte. https://www.bfarm.de/DE/Bundesopiumstelle/Betaeubungsmittel/_node.html (NpSG application, regulatory position)
6. Liechti, M.E. (2015). "Novel psychoactive substances (designer drugs): overview and pharmacology of modulators of monoamine signaling." Swiss Medical Weekly, 145, w14043. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2015.14043 (Overview of monoamine modulators, NPS)
7. Rickli, A., Hoener, M.C., Liechti, M.E. (2015). "Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinones." European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(3), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.012 (Fluorinated amphetamine derivatives, SAR — directly relevant for classification of 3-FPO)
8. Shulgin, A. & Shulgin, A. (1991). PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Transform Press, Berkeley. (Foundational reference work on structural chemistry and SAR of phenethylamines; standard reference for structural-analogy research)
9. De Felice, L.J., Glennon, R.A., Negus, S.S. (2014). "Synthetic cathinones: chemical phylogeny, pharmacology, and ecology." Biochemical Pharmacology, 87(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.029 (Phylogeny and pharmacology of synthetic cathinones)
10. Elliott, S., Evans, J. (2014). "A 3-year review of new psychoactive substances in casework." Forensic Science International, 243, 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.017 (Forensic-toxicological case collection NPS)
11. Federal Ministry of Health (2016). "Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe (NpSG)." BGBl. I S. 2615. (NpSG legal text)
12. Zawilska, J.B. & Wojcieszak, J. (2013). "Designer cathinones — an emerging class of novel recreational drugs." Forensic Science International, 231(1–3), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.015 (Cathinones as a recreational drug class — forensic classification)

10. FAQ — Frequently Asked Questions about 3-FPO (Scientific, Distanced)

1. What is 3-FPO?

3-FPO is a synthetic compound from the phenethylamine class, classified as a research chemical. The substance is structurally related to known phenethylamine derivatives and is discussed as a research subject for investigating monoamine transporter affinity and structure–activity relationships. amama distributes 3-FPO under the brand name Solyra exclusively for analytical and forensic research purposes.

2. Is 3-FPO legal in Germany?

As of May 2026, 3-FPO is not listed by name in the BtMG. The legal situation is, however, a grey area: the NpSG may apply via substance-group definitions, and the AMG becomes relevant as soon as the substance is marketed with claims of effects in humans. A definitive legal statement is not possible without specific legal advice. For specific questions, please consult a specialist lawyer in narcotics or pharmaceutical law.

3. Is 3-FPO the same as MDMA or 3-MMC?

No. 3-FPO differs chemically from both MDMA (no methylenedioxy bridge; different side-chain geometry) and 3-MMC (no β-keto motif; fluorine substitution instead of methyl group). Structural similarity does not mean identity of effect. No direct pharmacological comparative data are available.

4. Why is 3-FPO referred to as a "Rita alternative"?

The term circulates in online communities as a marketing label intended to suggest an MDMA-like effect. amama classifies this framing as scientifically misleading: the activity profile of 3-FPO is not established, and the safety profile differs fundamentally from that of known substances due to the structural differences and the absence of research. 3-FPO is not recommended by amama as a consumer substance or substitute for any substance.

5. What research data exist on 3-FPO?

Direct peer-reviewed primary studies on 3-FPO are not retrievable in the common scientific databases (as of May 2026). The pharmacological classification is based on structural-analogy inferences from the research literature on related compounds such as 3-MMC, MDMA and fluorinated amphetamine derivatives. This underscores the need for controlled preclinical research on this substance class.

6. Who may purchase 3-FPO (Solyra) from amama?

Solyra (3-FPO) is sold exclusively to adult purchasers who acquire the material for legitimate research, analytical or forensic purposes. By making a purchase, buyers confirm that they will not use the material for human consumption. Sale for consumption purposes is expressly excluded.

7. What is the phenethylamine class?

The phenethylamine class is one of the most fundamental organic substance families in pharmacology and encompasses endogenous neurotransmitters (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin) as well as numerous synthetic compounds. The common structural feature is the phenethylamine core (phenyl ring with an ethylamino side chain). Substitutions at the ring, at the α- or β-position, or at the nitrogen generate a broad range of pharmacological profiles — from harmless dietary constituents to strongly psychoactive compounds.

8. How does 3-FPO differ chemically from MDMA and 3-MMC?

MDMA carries a characteristic methylenedioxy bridge on the aromatic ring and an α-methyl substituent. 3-MMC is a cathinone derivative with a β-keto group and a 3-methyl group on the ring. 3-FPO, by contrast, carries a fluorine group at the meta-position, without the methylenedioxy bridge or the β-keto motif. These differences are pharmacologically significant and do not permit direct inferences about MDMA or 3-MMC properties.

9. Are there clinical studies with 3-FPO in humans?

No. To the best of current knowledge, no registered clinical studies (Phase I–III) with 3-FPO in humans exist. This fundamentally distinguishes 3-FPO from substances such as MDMA, for which ongoing clinical studies in the context of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy research exist in the USA and Europe (MAPS studies). Without clinical studies, the human safety profile of 3-FPO is not characterised.

10. What should I bear in mind regarding shipping and storage of research chemicals?

Research chemicals such as Solyra (3-FPO) should be stored in accordance with the conditions stated on the label — typically cool (2–8 °C or room temperature depending on specification), dry, protected from light and in the original sealed container. Access should be restricted to authorised research personnel. For shipping, the applicable national and international regulations for chemical substances apply. amama is available to research customers for questions regarding storage and shipping compliance.

11. Related amama Content and Collections

For the scientific context of this research chemical, we refer to the following further resources in the amama network:

• Research chemicals collection — All analytical reference materials
• Legal status of new psychoactive substances in Germany 2026 — Overview
• Iboga & Ibogain — Scientific guide to a traditional substance
• Harm reduction and substance safety — amama resource centre

Last updated: May 2026 | amama.space – Berlin Smartshop | Material for research, analysis and forensic purposes | All information provided without guarantee of completeness or currency of the legal position.

⚠️ For research use only, not for human consumption. This article is exclusively scientific and legal information. No application recommendation. No medical advice. No legal advice. In medical emergencies: Emergency 112. For legal questions: specialist lawyer in narcotics and pharmaceutical law. ⚠️

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